Proceedings of International Conferences

Lee, Jaekwon,  Jooyoung Kim, Donghyun Kim, Seung Ah Lee, Jong Hwan Sung and Kar-Ann Toh. "Multispectral Palm-vein Fusion for User Identification."2023 International Conference on Electronics, Information, and Communication (ICEIC) (pp. 1-4). IEEE, Feb 2023.

Lee, Jaekwon, Jooyoung Kim, and Kar-Ann Toh. "Identity Verification based on the RGB and NIR Images of the Palm." 2022 IEEE 20th International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN). IEEE, 2022.

H. Zhuang, Z. Weng, F. Luo, K.-A. Toh, H.  Li, and Z. Lin, "Accumulated Decoupled Learning with Gradient Staleness Mitigation for Convolutional Neural Networks", Proceedings of 38th International Conference on Machine Learning (PMLR), Virtual Only, pp.12935--12944, July, 2021.

J. Jung, J. Kim, and K.-A Toh, "Transfer Learning of Wi-Fi Handwritten Signature Signals for Identity Verification based on the Kernel and the Range Space Projection." 2019 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), Taipei, Taiwan, 22-25 Sept 2019.

S. Cho and K.-A. Toh, "Palm-vein Recognition Using RGB Images," International Conference on Biomedical Signal and Image Processing, Seoul, South Korea, 22-24 Aug 2018.

X. Liu and K.-A. Toh, "A Novel Set of Pixel Difference-based Features for Pedestrian Detection," International Conference on Identity Security and Behavior Analysis (ISBA), Singapore, 11-12 Jan 2018.

H. Moon, S. Jang, K. Oh, and K.-A Toh, "An In-Air Signature Verification System Using Wi-Fi Signals," International Conference on Biometric Engineering and Forensics (ICBEF), Seoul, South Korea, 12-14 Nov 2017. 

J. Kim, K. Oh, B.-S. Oh, Z. Lin, K.-A. Toh, "A line feature extraction method for finger-knuckle-print verification", The 8th International Conference on Extreme Learning Machines (ELM2017), Yantai, China, 4-7 Oct 2017.

K. Oh and K.-A. Toh, "A folding sum transformation for binary classification," The 9th Asia Pacific Signal and Information Processing Association Annual Summit and Conference (APSIPA), Jeju, South Korea, 13-15 Dec 2016.

S.-I. Jang, G.-C. Tan and K.-A. Toh, "Recursive Total Error Rate Minimization," IEEE TENCON, Singapore, 22-25 Nov 2016.

J. Kim, K. Oh, Andrew B. J. Teoh and K.-A. Toh, "Finger-Knuckle-Print for Identity Verification Based on Difference Images," The 11th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA), pp. 1-1, Hefei, China, 5-7 June 2016.

L. Sun, B. Chen, K.-A. Toh, Z. Lin, "A parameter-free Cauchy-Schwartz information measure for independent component analysis," The 41st International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), pp. 2524-2528, Shanghai, China, 20-25 March 2016.

B.-S. Oh, K. Oh, A. B. J. Teoh, Z. Lin and K.-A. Toh, "A Randomly Weighted Gabor Network for Visual-Thermal Infrared Face Recognition," the International Conference on Extreme Learning Machine, Hangzhou, China, 15-17 Dec 2015.

K.-A. Toh, "Stretchy multivariate polynomial classification," IEEE 10th International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing (ISSNIP), Singapore, 7-9 Apr 2015.

K.-A. Toh, "Twisting key absolute space for stretchy polynomial regression," International Conference on Control Automation Robotics & Vision (ICARCV), Singapore, 10-12 Dec 2014.

L. Sun, K.-A. Toh, Z. Lin and B. Chen, “Empirical Survival Error Potential Weighted Least Squares for Binary Pattern Classification,"  The 13th International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision (ICARCV), invited session, pp.949-952, Singapore, 10-12 December 2014.

B.-S. Oh, K. Oh, K.-A. Toh and Andrew B. J. Teoh, “A Single layer Feedforward Fusion Network for Face Verification,"  The 13th International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision (ICARCV), invited session, pp.944-948, Singapore, 10-12 December 2014.

B.-S. Oh and K.-A. Toh, "Face Identity Verification based on a Feed-forward Fusion Network," International Conference on Electronics, Information and Communications (ICEIC), 2014 <accpeted>.

K.-A. Toh, "Pattern Classification Adopting Multivariate Polynomials," International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing (ISSNIP), pp. 1-6, 21-24 April 2014.

S.-I. Jang, K. Oh, Andrew B. J. Teoh and K.-A. Toh, "Object Tracking Based on Kernel Recursive Least-Squares with Total Error Rate Minimization," The 8th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA), pp. 1415-1419, Melbourne, Australia, 19-21 June 2013.

B.-S. Oh and K.-A. Toh, “Face Identity Verification Based on Sinusoidal Projection," IEEE Workshop on Computational Intelligence in Biometrics and Identity Management (CIBIM), pp.71-76, 2013.

B.-S. Oh and K.-A. Toh, “A Preliminary Study of an Orthogonalized Random Projection Network," Proceedings of The 11th International Conference on Electronics, Information and Communications (ICEIC), Bali, Indonesia, pp. 186-188, 30 January - 2 February 2013. 

J.-H. Jeon, B.-S. Oh and K.-A. Toh, “A System for Hand-Gesture Based Signature Recognition,"  The 12th International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision (ICARCV), pp.171-175, Guangzhou, China, 5-7 December 2012.

B.-S. Oh, K. Oh and K.-A. Toh, “On Projection-based Methods for Periocular Identity Verification," The 7th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA), invited session, pp.871-876, Singapore, 18-20 July 2012. 

K. Oh and K.-A. Toh, “Extracting Sclera Features for Cancelable Identity Verification," International Conference on Biometrics (ICB), New Delhi, India, 29 Mar-1 Apr 2012 (Oral).

B.-S. Oh and K.-A. Toh, “Fusion of Structured Projections for Cancelable Face Identity Verification,” International Joint Conference on Biometrics (IJCB), Washington DC, USA, pp. 1-8, 11-13 October 2011.

S.-I. Jang, K. Choi, Y. Kim, B.-S. Oh and K.-A. Toh, “Visual Tracking with Online Discriminative Learning," The 8th International Conference on Information, Communications and Signal Processing (ICICS), pp.1-5, Singapore, 13-16 December 2011. 

Y. Kim and K.-A. Toh, “Online AUC Learning for Biometric Scores Fusion,” The 6th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA), invited session, pp.275-280, Beijing, china, 21-23 June 2011. 

K.-A. Toh, “A Projection Framework for Biometric Scores Fusion,” The 11th International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision (ICARCV), invited session, pp.1262-1267, Singapore, 7-10 December 2010. 

K.-A. Toh and B.-S. Oh, “An Image Edge Mask for Face Identity Verification," The 5th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA), invited session, pp.301-306, Taichung, Taiwan, 15-17 June 2010. 

U. Yang, M. Kang, K.-A. Toh and K. Sohn, “An Illumination Invariant Skin-Color Model for Face Detection,” The Fourth IEEE Conference on Biometrics: Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS), Washington DC, USA, pp. 1-6, 27-29 September 2010.

Y. Kim, K.-A. Toh and Andrew B. J. Teoh, “An Online Learning Algorithm for Biometric Scores Fusion," The 4th IEEE Conference on Biometrics: Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS), Washington DC, USA, pp. 1-6, 27-29 September 2010.

B.-S. Oh, K.-A. Toh and Andrew B. J. Teoh, Direct Extraction and Fusion of Image Pixel Features for Face Identity Verification," The 4th IEEE Conference on Biometrics: Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS), Washington DC, USA, pp. 1-6, 27-29 September 2010.

K. Oh, B.-S. Oh and K.-A. Toh, “Extracting Sclera Features for Identity Verification," Proceedings of The 10th International Conference on Electronics, Information and Communications (ICEIC), Cebu, philippine, pp. 186-188, 30 June - 2 July 2010.

B.-S. Oh, K. Oh and K.-A. Toh, “Combining Directional Face Image Features for Identity Veirification," Proceedings of The 10th International Conference on Electronics, Information and Communications (ICEIC), Cebu, philippine, pp. 200-203, 30 June - 2 July 2010. 

K. Choi, K.-A. Toh and H. Byun, “A Random Network Ensemble for Face Recognition," The 3rd IAPR/IEEE International Conference on Biometrics, (ICB), Sardinia, Italy, pp. 92-101, 2-5 June 2009 (Lecture Notes in Computer Science, LNCS 5558).

K.-A. Toh, “Fusion of Visual and Infrared Face Biometric Scores by Projection," IEEE TENCON, invited session, Singapore, pp.1-4, November 2009. 

B.-S. Oh, B.-G. Choi and K.-A. Toh, “Fusing Horizontal and Vertical Components of Face Images for Identity Verification,” The 4th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA), invited session, Xi'an, China, pp 651-655. May 2009. 

M. Kang, B. Kim, K.-A. Toh and K. Sohn, “Surrounding Adaptive Color Image Enhancement based on CIECAM02,” 2008 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC), pp.1031-1036, October, 2008.

B.-G. Choi, Y. Kim and K.-A. Toh, “A Method to Combine Visual and Infrared Face Image Verification Systems,” The 10th International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision (ICARCV), invited session, Hanoi, Vietnam, pp.440-445, December 2008.

K.-A. Toh, “Between AUC Based and Error Rate Based Learning,” The 3rd IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA), invited session, Singapore, pp.2116-2120, June 2008. 

K.-A. Toh and Andrew B. J. Teoh, “Projection Learning Models,” The 3rd IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA), invited session, Singapore, pp.2151-2155, June 2008. 

Andrew B. J. Teoh and K.-A. Toh, “Secure Biometric-Key Generation with Biometric Helper,” The 3rd IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA), invited session, Singapore, pp.2145-2150, June 2008. 

Y. Kim and K.-A. Toh, “Sparse Random Projection for Efficient Cancelable Face Feature Extraction,” The 3rd IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA), invited session, Singapore, pp.2139-2144, June 2008. 

S.-K.. Kim, K.-A. Toh and S. Lee “SVM-based Discriminant Analysis for Face Recognition,” The 3rd IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA), invited session, Singapore, pp.2112-2115, June 2008. 

Y. Kim and K.-A. Toh, “A Method to Enhance Face Biometric Security,” The First IEEE Conference on Biometrics: Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS), Washington DC, USA, pp.1-6 (DOI: 10.1109/BTAS.2007.4401913), September, 2007. 

S.-W. Jung, Y. Kim, Andrew B. J. Teoh and K.-A. Toh, "Robust Identity Verification Based on Infrared Face Images," Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Convergence Information Technology (ICCIT), Gyeongju, Korea, November 2007.

K.-A. Toh, "Error-Rate Based Biometrics Fusion," Proceedings of International Conference on Biometrics (ICB), Seoul, Korea, August 2007.

Andrew B. J. Teoh, K.-A. Toh and W. K. Yip, "2^N Discretisation of BioPhasor in Cancellable Biometrics," Proceedings of International Conference on Biometrics (ICB), Seoul, Korea, September 2007.

K.-A. Toh, "Simple Power Series for Pattern Classification," Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA), invited session, Harbin, China, pp.641-646, May 2007.

K.-A. Toh, Chulhan Lee, Jeung-Yoon Choi and Jaihie Kim, "Performance Based Revocable Biometrics," Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA), invited session, Harbin, China, pp.647-652, May 2007.

S.-K. Kim, H. Lee, K.-A. Toh and S. Lee, "An Encoding Scheme for Robust Face Recognition," Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA), invited session, Harbin, China, pp.653-658, May 2007.

K.-A. Toh, "Deterministic Network Learning Based on Classification-Error Rate," Proceedings of Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers, Jeju, Korea, pp.25-34, November 2006.

K.-A. Toh, “Learning from Target Knowledge Approximation,” Proceedings of the 1st IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA), invited session, Singapore, pp.815-822, May 2006.

M. Ridzuan, K.-A. Toh and D. Srinivasan, “A Framework for Empirical Classifiers Comparison,” Proceedings of the 1st IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications, invited session, Singapore, pp.809-814, May 2006. 

MinYi Jeong, Chulhan Lee, Jongsun Kim, Jeung-Yoon Choi, Kar-Ann Toh and Jaihie Kim, "CHANGEABLE BIOMETRICS FOR APPEARANCE BASED FACE RECOGNITION," Proceedings of the Biometric Consortium Conference, Baltimore, USA, September 2006.

K.-A. Toh, "Training a Φ-Machine Classifier Using Feature Scaling-Space," Proceedings of The 4th International IEEE Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN), Singapore, August 2006.

K.-A. Toh and J. Kim, "Training a Full Polynomial for Face Recognition," Proceedings of The 8th International Conference on Electronics, Information and Communications (ICEIC), Mongolia, June 2006.

K.-A. Toh, H.-L. Eng, Y.-S. Choo, Y.-L. Cha, W.-Y. Yau and K.-S. Low, "Identity Verification Through Palm Vein and Crease Texture,” IAPR International Conference Biometrics Authentication (IAPR-ICB),Hong Kong, pp. 546-553, January 2006 (Lecture Notes in Computer Science, LNCS 3832).

T.-K. Tan and C.-L. Ng, K.-A. Toh, H.-L. Eng W.-Y. Yau and D. Srinivasan, "A Bimodal Palmprint Verification System,” International Conference Biometrics Authentication (IAPR-ICB), Hong Kong, pp.737-743, January 2006 (Lecture Notes in Computer Science, LNCS 3832).

J.-G. Wang, K.-A. Toh and R. Venkateswarlu, "Fusion of Appearanceand Depth Information for Face Recognition," Fifth International Conference on Audio- and Video- Based Biometric Person Authentication (AVBPA), New York, USA, pp.919- 928, July 2005 (Lecture Notes in Computer Science, LNCS 3546).

W.Y. Yau, S.L. Goh, J. Li, K.A. Toh and D. Srinivisan, "Using Unified Orientation Model for Fingerprint Classification," 4th DCDIS International Conference on Engineering Applications and Computational Algorithms, Guelph, Canada, pp. 668-673, July, 2005. (Invited paper)

H.-L. Eng, K.-A. Toh, W.-Y. Yau and T.-K. Chiew, “Recognition of complex human behaviors in pool environment using foreground silhouette,” Proceedings of International Symposium Visual Computing, invited session, pp. 371-379, Dec. 5-7, 2005, Nevada, USA (LNCS 3804).

W.-Y. Yau, K.-A. Toh and T.-P. Chen, “Fingerprint Templates Combination,” The 5th Chinese Conference on Biometrics Recognition, invited session, Guangzhou, China, pp. 449-460, December, 2004 (LNCS 3338). 

K.-A. Toh, Q.-L. Tran and W.-Y. Yau, “Some Issues Pertaining to Adaptive Multimodal Biometric Authentication,” The 5th Chinese Conference on Biometrics Recognition, invited session, Guangzhou, China, pp. 617-628, December, 2004 (LNCS 3338). 

K. -A. Toh and W. Y. Yau, “Some Learning Issues in User-Specific Multimodal Biometrics,” The Eighth International Conference on Automation, Robotics and Computer Vision (ICARCV), invited session, Kunming, China, pp. 1268-1273, December 2004. 

K.-A. Toh, W.-Y. Yau and X. Jiang, “Multiple Biometrics And Decision Fusion,” Proceedings of the Biometrics and Security Workshop held in conjunction with SCIS2004, the Symposium on Cryptography and Information Security, invited session, Vol. I, pp. 471-476, Sendai, Japan, January, 2004. 

K.-A. Toh, "Personalized Learning and Decision for Multimodal Biometrics," IEEE Conference on Cybernetics and Intelligent Systems (CIS), Singapore, pp. 1111-1116, December 2004.

Q. L. Tran, K.-A. Toh and D. Srinivasan, "Adaptation to Changes in Multimodal Biometric Authentication," IEEE Conference on Cybernetics and Intelligent Systems (CIS), Singapore, pp. 981-985, December 2004.

E. Lim, K.-A. Toh, P. N. Suganthan, X. Jiang and W.-Y. Yau, "Fingerprint Image Quality Analysis," International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), Singapore, pp. 1241-1244, October, 2004.

K.-A. Toh, X. Jiang and W.-Y. Yau, "A Hyperbolic Function Model for Multiple Biometrics Decision Fusion," International Conference Biometrics Authentication (ICBA), Hong Kong, pp. 655-662, July 2004 (Lecture Notes in Computer Science, LNCS 3072).

K.-A. Toh, W.-Y. Yau, E. Lim, L. Chen and C. H. Ng, "Fusion of Auxiliary Information for Multi-modal Biometrics Authentication," International Conference Biometrics Authentication (ICBA), Hong Kong, pp. 678-685, July 2004 (Lecture Notes in Computer Science, LNCS 3072).

K.-A. Toh, "Fingerprint and Speaker Verification Decisions Fusion," International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing (ICIAP), Mantova, Italy, pp.626-631, September, 2003

H.-L. Eng, K.-A. Toh, Alvin H. Kam, J. Wang and W.-Y. Yau, "An automatic drowning detection surveillance system for challenging outdoor pool environments," The 9th International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), France, vol. I, pp.532-579, October, 2003.

K.-A. Toh, W. Xiong, W.-Y. Yau and X. Jiang, "Combining Fingerprint and Hand- Geometry Verification Decisions," in Proceedings of Fourth International Conference on Audio- and Video-Based Biometric Person Authentication (AVBPA), Guildford, United Kingdom, pp. 688-696, June, 2003(Lecture Notes in Computer Science, LNCS 2688).

K.-A. Toh and K. Z. Mao, "A global transformation approach toRBF neural network l earning," in Proceedings of International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR), (Quebec, Canada), vol. II, pp. 96-99, August 2002.

K.-A. Toh and W.-Y. Yau, “Multi-Modal Biometrics Fusion: Beyond Optimal Weighting,” Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Automation, Robotics and Computer Vision (ICARCV), invited session, pp. 788-792, Singapore, December, 2002. 

K.-A. Toh, W.-Y. Yau, X. Jiang, T.-P. Chen, J. Lu and E. Lim, "Minutiae data synthesis for fingerprint identification applications," in Proceedings of the2001 International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), vol.3, Greece,pp.262-265, October 2001.

K.-A. Toh, "Fast deterministic global optimization for FNNtraining," in Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Tokyo, Japan, pp. V413 - V418, October 1999.